Tiddlywinks Bibliography

American Heritage history of antiques from the Civil War to World War I. © 1969

• Page 361: For home entertainment Americans, both young and old, enjoyed a host of parlour games—jackstraws, parchesi, pigs in clover, checkers, dominoes, jigsaw puzzles, and tiddlywinks, to name but a few.

Lilla Estelle Appleton. A Comparative study of the play activities of adult savages and civilized children - an investigation of the scientific basis of education. A dissertation submitted to the faculty of the Graduate School of the Arts and Literature in candidacy for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. The University of Chiago, © 1910. The University of Chicago Press. Published June 1910.

• For example, there are no highly specialized finger plays at all comparable, in delicacy of movement, to piano playing, or even to the simple modern games of "crockonole" or "tiddledywinks," plays in which the result sought is dependent upon the perfect control of the small muscles of the fingers, the rest of the body being comparatively quiescent.

James F.J. Archibald. Blue shirt and khaki; a comparison. 1901. New York: Silver, Burdett and company

• Page 197: After the first few days out the men are put through a regular amount of health exercise, which consists chiefly of walking and running around the decks. When time hangs heavily, amusement is ready. The army department of the Y. M. C. A. has been officially recognized by the War Department, and men are detailed by the Association to accompany the troops and furnish entertainment which may occupy their minds. A variety of games, from tiddledy-winks to chess, is provided, and the man in charge of this valuable work is active all the day and evening in keeping the men amused. He arranges tournaments and matches, and gives prizes for the winners.

Arnold Arnold. The world book of children's games. © 1972. Library of Congress number: GV1203.A74

• Chapter 3: Button Games
• Page 92: Snip Snap or Tiddlywinks
• Pages 95-96: Snip Snap or Tiddlywinks
  age 6 or older; drawing of buttons with holes being snapped
  
  A starting line and a finish line are marked, 8 to 10 feet apart.
  
  Each player lines up his buttons at the starting line, next to those of the other player or players. Then each player in turn, using the large button, snaps his hown buttons toward the finish line. If one player manages to snap his button so that it falls on and partially covers an opponent's button in front of the finish line, he captures that button. That player wins who first reaches the finish line with the largest number of his buttons.
  
  Variation: This game can be played using a hole, rather than a finish line, as a target.

Claude Aveline. Le code des jeux. ©1961. Library of Congress number: GV1201.A9

• Page 422: La Puce
  
  Le jeu de la puce ne demande qu'une sébille ou un gobelet quelconque et un certain nombre de jetons de couleurs différentes.
  
  Les joueurs choisissent ou tirent au sort une couler et reçoivent dans cette couleur quatre jetons: un grand qu'ils gardent en main et trois petits qu'ils alignent devant eux, les puces.
  
  Le sébille étant placée au milieu de la table, il s'agit d'y faire sauter les puces d'un bord, en appuyant sur leur bord avec le bord du grand jeton.
  
  Chacun joue à son tour. Le joueur qui fait sauter une puce dan la sébile a droit àun autre coup. Le gagnant est celui qui a placé le premier ses trois jetons.

Margaret Bancroft. Manual of the course of study, Bancroft training school for mentally subnormal children. 1909. Philadelphia: Ware bros. company, printers.

• Page 118:
• Plays may be classified in a general way according to the type of training for which they are especially well-fitted. A brief outline of some of the forms of play best suited to subnormal children is here presented.
• I. Play that develops the physical body.
• b. Games that develop coördination of the smaller muscle-groups (especially the hands and arms). This group includes: games requiring muscular control and steadiness, such as jack-straws (plain and magnetic); fish- pond (plain and magnetic); peg-board. Games of manual dexterity coordinated with visual accuracy, such as tiddledy-winks; barber-pole; parlor tennis and football; over the
  fence. (Block-building and some forms of dissected puzzle-pictures are useful here). Soap-bubble blowing may be included here.

MIles Bantock. On many greens: a book of golf and golfers. 1901. Grosset & Dunlap, New York

• Page 128: Gerty and Golf
  
  I saw them wanter o'er the links;
  My scorn I could not veil;
  I hinted, too, at "tiddley winks
  Upon a larger scale";
  Yet even I remained to play,
  Who only went to scoff,
  Upon that memorable day
  When Gerty taught me golf.

Albert Barrère and Charles G. Leland. A dictionary of slang, jargon & cant: embracing English, American, and Anglo-Indian Slang, Pidgin English, Tinkers' Jargon and other Irregular Phraseology. Volume 2, L-Z.. 1890. The Ballantyne Press.

• Page 285: Spoof (turf), deception, swindle, sell. Properly a childish kind of game like "tiddlywinks."
  
  Next day I put all my oof
  On to Gold (sixteen to one),
  And now I hear the cry of spoof,
  The race is o'er, and he's not won.
  —Bird o' Freedom.
  
  Spoof has been defined by Sir P. Colquhoun as "an unintelligible shibboleth, invented to indicate an idiotic game—a sell. Exactly as 'the loud laugh proclaims the empty mind,' so, to be an adept in the spoof cult, indicates, as the first qualification for that dubious distinction, softening of the brain." This term owes its oririn to the game of spoof, played on a draught-board with counters, which have to be whisked on the top of the adversary's own counters by means of a small stick. It has been suggested, however, that "spoof is from provincial English spoffle, to busy oneself overmuch about a matter of small consequence, to rage over a trifle, as a 'great cry and little wool,', i.e., a cheat or sell. Hence disappointment, deceit."
  
  Love he used to think, I've said before, a riddle;
  To-day he says the mot d'énigmeis oof,
  And that lovers play a very second fiddle
  To markers at the noble game of spoof.
  —Sporting Times.
  
  "Tis oh! to be the people's "pug,"
  Who is paid at halls to spar,
  Who's a lovely, unscratched, scarless mug,
  Who lives like a La-di-da!
  Big battles he fights which are always drawn,
  But draw much golden off,
  He boasts of his biceps and "Boston" brawn—
  "Tis oh! for the game of spoof.
  —Bird o' Freedom

Vernon Bartlett. The past of pastimes. ©1969

• I mention tiddleywinks not because it is old—I don't know if it is—but because I like its French name, la puce, the flea.

Patten Beard. The jolly book of playcraft.1916.

• Pages 16-17: "THE GAME OF BUTTON TIDDLEDY"
• Pages 18-20: "THE GAME OF TRIPLE TIDDLEDY"

Patten Beard. The complete playcraft book. 1926

• Page 165: "THE GAME OF BUTTON TIDDLEDY"
• Page 167: "THE GAME OF TRIPLE TIDDLEDY"

Patrick Beaver. Victorian parlour games for today. 1974.

• Page 5: I have omitted games such as Tiddlywinks and Halma because the rules of play are always supplied with the equipment that is necessary for them.

Arthur Morris Binstead, Gal's gossip. 1899. Page 51

• From that night forward the seventeen other nincompoops, who ate to repletion at seven, and burnt the gas till one, in their endeavours to raise the "Parlour Game" of "Tiddleywinks," or jerking the cardboard to the level of the sciences, saw rather less than usual of Mr Myer Hyams, though, to do them justice, they filed no objections on that head.

Kai Bird, Martin J. Sherwin. American Prometheus: the triumph and tragedy of J. Robert Oppenheimer.(c) 2005. Page 88

• In 1932, Ralph Fowler, one of Oppie's former teachers from Cambridge, England, visited Berkeley and had a chance to observe his old student. In the evenings, Oppie persuaded Fowler to play his particularly complicated version of tiddlywinks for hours on end.

Richard Bissell. You can always tell a Harvard man. 1962. Pages 116­117 (1962 tiddlywinks challenge to Harvard from Oxford)

• Page 116: Harvard recently received a somewhat bizarre challenge from some roughnecks across the sea:
  
  TO THE EDITORS OF THE CRIMSON
  
  Four or six members of the Oxford Tiddlywinks Society (all-England champions and holders of the Prince Philip Interuniver-
  
  
• Page 117: sity Trophy) are planning a tour of the States from July to September 1962. We are keen to accept any challenges from your side of the Atlantic and particularly like to play a series against the Ivy League. Any help or publicity you can give us would be much appreciated.
  
  Yours faithfully,
  Elizabeth Kind
  (Hon. Sec. O. U. T. S.)
  St. Hugh's College, Oxford
  
  We understand the Harvard Athletic Association declined this challenge after a sub rosa investigation which disclosed the fact that the Oxford Tiddlywinks Society is noted for its all-out, no-holds-barred, brutal style of play. The report also implied that of a six-man team (none of whom weights less than fifteen stone) at least one is a rank professional. It was felt best to avoid an unpleasant international incident.

Ethel Bowers. Recreation for girls and women; prepared for the National recreation assocation. 1934. New York: A. S. Barnes and company, incorporated.

• Page 83: Other table games mentioned for Betty are often interesting to Peggy. See Mental Games, Chapter I. In addition, girls of this age play Tiddledy Winks, Jack Straws, Tiddledy Wink Golf (R.R.), Checker Golf.

Charles Reynold Brown. The young man's affairs. © 1909. Second Edition. Thomas Y. Crowell & Co.

• Page 93: Playing tiddledywinks or crokinole or button is harmless, but you can scarcely call it recreation. Recreation must bring pleasure, real, live, human pleasure, with fire in its eye and red blood in its veins.

Jan Harold Brunvand. The study of American folklore: an introduction. © 1968.

• Page 231: The game of "Tiddlywinks," now a commercially produced one, probably had its origin in earlier play with homemade equipment. A counterpart folk game is still played by little girls in India with broken fragments of glass bangles (worn in bunches as bracelets) which they find washed out of the village dust after rainstorms, and which they gamble with, attempting to win by snapping each other's bangle fragments out of a circle scratched in the ground.

Charlotte Malachowski Bühler, Edeltrud Baar. The child and his family. 1939

• Page 160
• Page 161: While playing tiddlywinks, Alfred points at Susi and says: "So you cheated."
  
  Susi: "That's where you're wrong."
  
  Alfred: "No, I don't want to play any more. You were cheating."

Brian Burns. Family games. 2001. Grange.

• The best strategy in Tiddlywinks is to position your winks fairly close to the pot, so that you can either pot them on your next turn or be in a position to squop an opponents wink. [...]

Roger Caillois. Jeux et sports. ©1967. Library of Congress number GV11.C3

• Page 345: Les jeux de compétition sont ceux dont le ressort essentiel est la lutte: dans tous les cas, il s'agit de vaincre un ou plusiers joueurs, une ou plusieurs equipes. Tel est le trait commun qui apparent le je d'échecs à la bataille, le bridge au jeu de puces. La conclusion, le bilan, pourrait-on dire, de la partie, est la designation d'un gagnant ou d'un perdant.

Earnest Elmo Calkins and Ralph Holden. Modern advertising. 1905.

• Page 276: It is always something which can become a craze, as it were, like ping-pong, tiddledywinks, or the "Bonnie Brier Bush," or the interest in athletics. No one knows why these things sweep over the country, yet every one is more or less affected by them.

Ada Cambridge, At midnight and other stories. 1897.

• Page 204: After tea, it being still broad daylight, the children sat down to a game of tiddledy-winks, to pass the time until it was dark enough for the fireworks. Tiddledy-winks looks a silly game to those who do not play it, but to those who do it becomes strangely fascinating; so that even after the lamps were lighted it was difficult to make those players leave off.
• Page 210: 'It's over,' said Eve, jumping up from where she lay on the flat of her back along the sloping leads. 'Polly, let's go down and have another game of tiddledy-winks.'

John D[enison]. Champlin Jr. & Arthur E[lmore]. Bostwick. The young folks' cyclopędia of games & sports. Henry Holt and Company, New York. 1890 (7 Nov 1890 in Preface). Library of Congress number: GV11.C4.

• Page 725:

  TIDDLEDY WINKS. A game played by any number of persons, singly or as partners, on a table covered with a thick cloth. Each player is provided with a set of six small counters and one large one, all of the same color, the different players having different colored sets. A little basket or cup, generally of ivory of celluloid, is placed in the centre of the table, and each player ranges his small counters in front of him in a line about eight inches from it. The object of the game is to snap each of the smaller counters, by pressing on its edge with the larger one, so as to make it jump into the basket, and he wins who first gets all his counters in. The players take turns, but he who is successful in snapping a counter into the basket has the privilege of playing until he fails. After a player has played out all his counters from the starting line, he can play, when his turn comes,

• Page 726: any of his counters wherever it may lie; but he is not allowed to touch any of his adversary's counters, and if any of his own be covered, and no other be available, he must wait until his adversary has uncovered one before he can play. A player may not intentionally cover any of his opponents' counters. If a counter fall [sic] off the table, it must be replaced one inch from the edge where it fell off. Partners sit opposite each other, and may play each other's counters after they have left the starting line.

  Variations. The game may be played with several variations by marking, around the basket on the cloth with French chalk, a ring about four inches in diameter.

  1. Any counter falling within this ring is to be considered dead, the winner being he who gets most counters into the basket.

  2. Any counter falling within the ring must be returned to its place in the starting line, and played out by the player at his next turn.

  3. If a counter fall [sic] within the ring, the next or any other player during that round, is at liberty, if he choose [sic], to play it (instead of his own) to any part of the table he may consider best for himself. If it be not played thus, the player to whom it belongs can play with it at his next turn in the usual way.

  4. Mark on the cloth any figure, such as a circle, a square, etc., and divide it into numbered segments or parts. Several games may be played with these, the counters scoring according to the number of the part they fall in.

  Tiddledy Winks may be played also as a PROGRESSIVE GAME, on any number of tables.

William Henry Chandler. Chandler's Encyclopedia: an epitome of universal knowledge. Peter Fenelon Collier, New York. ©1898.

• Page 1524: Tiddledy Winks. Modern game in which small bone disks are made to spring into a basket or receptacle placed in the center of the board, by pressing them forcibly with a slip of bone upon their edge. An analogous game, of flipping small shells into a hole in the ground, is played by children in Siam and the Liu Kiu islands.

Jessie A. Charters. Child training: a manual for foster parents. 1934. Columbs: Division of Charities, State Dept. of Public Welfare.

• Page 26: Lesson IV
  
  Nervousness and Bad Habits
  
  The "Nervous" Child
  
  "If children are 'nervous' it is often because they don't have enough heavy, hard play for their large muscles. They are cramped for space, they are surrounded by too many things they must not do. They are expected to play tiddledy winks instead of baseball."
  

Mary Ellen Chase. The plum tree. 1949.

• Page 94: Don't you remember, Mrs. Christianson, at those games we played last winter—you remember, lotto, tiddledywinks [...]
• Page 95: It was nothing else than tiddledywinks, those absurd little disks in a row, red, blue, yellow, green, white, on that piece of felt, snapped by [...]
• Page 96 'Those tiddledywinks!" Emma Davis cried.

Israel Cohen. The Ruhleben Prison Camp: A Record of Nineteen Months' Internment. 1917. Dodd, Mead and Company, New York

• Page 144: Mr. Fred Pentland, the professional footballer, in nominating Mr. Castang as the Woman Suffrage candidate, described him as the All-England champion at tiddley-winks, and was interrupted by frequent cries of "Votes for women!"

Charles W. Cooper. Preface to Drama: An Introduction to Dramatic Literature and Theater Art. 1955. Ronald Press.

• FATHER. Well, Harlan--how about you? Shall we play some tiddledy-winks? HARLAN edging toward

Nina Crummy. Archaeological report 2: The Roman small finds from excavations in Colchester 1971-9.Colchester Archaeological Trust Ltd.: ©1983. Reprinted 1995.

• Page 91: Category 5: Objects Used for Recreational Purposes
• Counters for Board Games

• Counters were most commonly made of bone and broken pottery sherds, though stone, tile and glass counters are also known (MacGregor 1976, 3). Descriptions of the board games popular in the Roman period can be found in Bell 1960, 30-5, 84-7 and are mentioned briefly in MacGregor 1976, 3-4. The possible use of bone counters for a game similar to tiddlywinks is refuted by MacGregor.

• Page 176: MacGregor 1976 [;] Finds from a Roman sewer system and an adjacent building in Church Street' in The archaeology of York, 17/1

John A. Cuddon. The international dictionary of sports and games. Schocken Books, New York. © 1979. Library of Congress number: GV567.C8. Pages xxvii, 798 (history including Cambridge and Oxford; rules)

• Page xxvii
• Page 798:
  tiddlywinks A table game for singles or pairs which involves flicking or shooting small counters into a cup. The term is of unknown origin. In the past it has denoted a beershop and also a game played with dominoes. The slang word tiddly means 'drink'. It is not certain who invented the game or how long it has existed. It is usually regarded as a game for children, but since the Second World War it has achieved a certain status in Britain. In 1955 Cambridge University played tiddlywinks against Oxford, and in 1960 the Guinness Trophy was instituted for an international championship between England, Wales, Scotland, and Ireland. Thus far England has won the trophy each year. Later came the Silver Wink Trophy (presented by the Duke of Edinburgh) for the British Universities championship. Cambridge have won this a record 5 times in succession (1974-8). The outstanding singles player in the national championships has been Alan Dean, winner in 1971-3 and also in 1976.
  
  The surface of the playing area should be covered in thick cloth or a piece of felt. Each player has 4 [sic] winks and a shooter. These are usually made of thin bone or plastic. The shooter is about 2.54 cm (1 in) in diameter. The round winks are about 15.875 mm (⅝ in) in diameter. The cup into which they are propelled is between 2.54 and 5.08 cm (1-2 in) high and has a diameter of about 3.81 cm (1½ in).
  
  The cup is put in the middle of the table. The players line up their winks in front of them. Each shoots a wink at a turn, plus one extra shot each time he gets a wink into the cup. The wink is shot by stroking and pressing the edge of the shooter against it so that it jumps into the air. A game is won by the first play to get all his tiddlywinks into the cup.

Diagram Group. The official world encyclopedia of sports and games. © 1979. Pages 76­77 (Abridgment of entry in The way to play.)

• Page 76: Tiddlywinks
  
  Tiddlywinks is a game for any small number of players. In the standard game, each player attempts to put small disks or "winks" into a cup by shooting them with a larger disk called a "shooter". Various tiddlywinks games based on sports such as tennis and golf can be bought or easily improvised. [...]
  
  Playing Area [...]
  Equipment [...]
  Players [...]
  Start of play [...]
  Turns [...]
  Scoring [...]
  Objective [...]
  Out of play [...]
  Partners [...]
  Shooting [...]
  
  [Illustration of two girls, one shooting a wink at a cup.]
  
  
• Page 77: Forfeit Game [...]
  Target Games [...]
  Tiddlywinks Tennis [...]
  Tiddlywinks Golf [...]
  
  [Illustrations of each tiddlywinks variant.]

Paul Dickson. The official rules. 1978. Mentions NATwA

• Page 194: Proclaim yourself "World champ" of something—tiddlywinks, rope-jumping, whatever—send this notice to newspapers, radio, TV, and wait for challengers to confront you.

Martin Dixon. Equity & Trusts Q&A. 2001.

• Page 125: However, problems arise because, after 30 years, the £10000 capital sum is to be given to the Society for the Promotion of Tiddlywinks [...]

Val Edgar. Christmas activities for the early years. 2001: Brilliant Publications, UK

• Christmas tiddlywinks

Encyclopedia Americana. Danbury, Connecticut. © 1978. Volume 26

• Page 730
  
  TIDDLYWINKS, a table game for two or more players, consists or snapping, or hopping, plastic disks into a cup. The disks, or winks, are ⅞ inch in diameter and 0.057 inch thick. A larger disk, or tiddly, is used as a shooter. Sets of four winks and a shooter come in different colors. The cup has a diameter of 1½ inches and sides 1½ inches high. Players start with their four winks in line and equidistant from the cup, which is centrally placed. The object of the competition is to be the first player to snap, or hop, four winks into the cup. [...]
  
  
• Frank K. Perkins
  Boston "Herald"

Fleetway House. Encyclopedia of sports, games, & pastimes. ~1935.

• Page 639:
  
  TIDDLEDY-WINKS. Table game that can be played by any number of players, according to the size of the set. A cheap set provides four colours and three counters of each: enough for four players only; but others will have four to eight counters of each of the six colours, and in that case six may play, each taking all the counters of his colour, or the number of players may be doubled, the countered being divided vbetween them. The two players possessing the same colour act as partners. If ten people wish to play with a set of six colours, one colour should be removed from the set, so that the game is played by five partners. If an odd number play, whoever is without a partner is given two turns to the others' one. If one person only has a partner, they should sit together and take alternate shots.
  
  The Counters. The tiddley-winks are thin coloured disks, a little larger than a three-penny-bit, while of each colour there is also provided a larger disk, about the size of a penny. A large table should be covered by a thick cloth, and in the centre of the table is placed a little wooden cup, 1½-2 in. high and 1½ in. across the mouth.Each player arranges his counters in a line near the edge of the table, and at equal distances from the cup.
  
  How to Play. The object of each player is to jump all his tiddley-winks into the cup. The jumping is done by pressing the edge of the large counter, or flipper, on to the edges of of one of the small counters. Practice will enable the player in some measure to regulate the distance of the jmp. Each person plays in order round the table, anyone succeding ingetting his counter in the cup being given another shot. At the start of the game all the counters must be jumped from the starting point befgore any counter can be jumped twice.
  
  A counter that falls off the table is replace at the table's edge at the point where it fell. Although a counter that is covered, or partially covered, by one of another colour is out of the game until the covering one is moved, it is not permitted to cover another player's counter intentionally. It is, however, lawful, and it is good policy, to keep it covered as long as possible. Should a player have all his counters in the cup except for one that is covered, he is out of the game until it is free again. As soon as one player has jumped all his tiddley-winks into the cup, the game is finished.
  
  Scoring can be done by each player counting to himself the number of counters he cupped after each game, and adding up the total score, or else a pool can be formed at the beginning of the game, which is subsequently taken by the winner.
  
  Many variants of this game are played. In one, six circles, 2 in. in diameter, are drawn in chalk on the tablecloth, around the cup and at a little distance from it. Any counter being accidentally jumped into any of these circles is forfeited by the player and removed from the table.
  
  Triddley-wink croquet is an amusing game that can be played with a set of tiddley-winks. Six little wooden pill boxes and two matchboxes are all the extra accessories needed. These boxes are arranged on the table as are the hoops on a croquet lawn, the matchboxes, stuck on end, being the poles. Each player has one tiddley-wink, or two players, acting as partners, have one between them. The course laid out on the table is then followed in the same way as at croquet, the counters being jumped in each box in turn, instead of through hoops. Another turn is allowed to the palyer succeeding in getting one in. If one player covers another, he is given an extra shot to get clear. The game is won by the first player to complete the course.
  
  With a little ingenuity and no further accessories than a few more pill-boxes, some books, a box-lid, etc., tiddley-wink golf can be improvised. A larger table is needed for this game, books standing on edge acting as bunkers, rumpled-up paper under the table-cloth as a rough place on the course, and the lid of a cardboard or tin box being water. A match played with the tiddley-winks on such as golf course will cause much amusement.

William Byron Forbush, American Institute of Child Life, Guide book to childhood: a handbook for members of the American institue of child life. Edition 2. 1913.

• Page 204: "King Ring. [...] Tiddledy Ring Game [...]"
• Page 213: "Ring Over [...]"
• Page 215: "Spinning Plate Game [...]"

William Byron Forbush, Manual of play. 1914

• Page 252: "TIDDLEDY-WINK GOLF" by Mary White
• Page 313: "King Ring [...]"

Rev. Philip H. Francis. A study of targets in games. 1951. Library of Congress number: GV1200.F7.

• Pages 208­9: An apparatus having some of the features of the funnel and target apparatus described above is used in a variety of tiddley winks. Tiddley winks is usually played simply by snapping small discs into a cup; and the edge of the cup forms a boundary of a horizontal circular target a little height avove the surface of a table on which the game is played; and this target is hit each time a disc is snapped into the cup. But in another variety, the cup is not circular but is hexagonal in shape, and is placed in the middle of a horizontal rectangular cardboard platform about one inch high with the cup projecting about half an inch from it. Differently colored sectors are marked on the surface of the platform, and are numbered from one to six but not consecutively. A disc snapped onto a sector scores according to the number of that sector, but one into the cup 10 points. The target is formed by the cup and partly by the platform, and is hit when a disc falls on to a sector or into the cup. The cup forms a hexagonal bull's eye for the target.

Ruth & Larry Freeman. A cavalcade of toys. ©1942. Library of Congress number: TS2301.T7F7.]

• Page 291 (two mentions): [...]
  Page 298 (photo of "TIDLEY WINKS" ten pins and glass cup)
• Page 366: While there have been many changes from the almost hopeless printing hyroglyphics [sic] on some 19th century packages, there is still need for improvement according to the well known packaging consultant, Wentworth Weeks, "[...]Back in 1903 "Battle Winks" was a popular game and there may not have been some doubt in the beholder's mind as to which the game was—as represented in the illustration, or the process of unwining the mazed lettering; this may have lent a certain sporting aspect, combining the puzzle principle with the more physical excitement of tiddlywinks, but I strongly doubt that it coveys its story efficiently. [...]"

Dolly Gann. Dolly Gann's Book. 1933. Garden City, New York: Doubleday, Doran & company, inc.

• Page 32: By the time electric cars, palace buses, and our own automobiles had put an end to the stay-at-home existence, we had lost interest in such gentle diversions as charades, the game of "authors," the leisurely "square dance," and tiddledy-winks. We had been graduated by degrees into livelier pastimes requiring more mental agility, as, for example, the advancing stages of whist, duplicate whist, bridge, duplicate bridge, auction, and now contract.

Edna Geister. Geister games. © 1930.

• Page 150: Tiddledewinks
  
  1. Players take discs of different colours, and at the starting signal snap them down the length of the table and back in a race. If a disc goes off the table it must be started again.
  
  2. The above race may be varied by putting obstacles, like an apple, along each course, and the disc must be snapped over the obstacles.
  
  3. Mock tennis. A line is tied to a chair at either side of the table and about four inches above the table. Discs must be snapped into marked courts, like the courts marked off for tennis.
  
  4. Three concentric circles are marked on the table. Points are made as they are in Beanbag Quoits (See Small Group Games.)

Edmund Martin Geldart. A son of Beliel; autobiographic sketches of Nitram Tradleg. 1882. Ballantyne Press, London. Pages 28-29

• And to take um punge in um hand and go 'squop!' upon um vater. Now, my dear friends, please notice dat vord, for dat vord be belly gate, in fact, dat am um gatest vord in um langvidge 'cept vun, magnificanbandanjuality!
  
  "Squop! it am um most expessiv vord. Not to splash, nor to dash, but to squop—yes, squop—um sound dat um punge make ven um strike um vater; —um go squop! Squop upon vat? Vy upon um vater. No use ob vater vidout punge, and most sartinly no good ob punge vidout vater.

Walter B. Gibson. Family games America plays. © 1970

• Page 237: TIDDLYWINKS
  
  As a game of skill, tiddlywinks—also known as tiddledywinks—has surprising merit, which can be readily appreciated through the test of actual competition. This accounts for its rise ti new popularity, resulting in contest for the intercollegiate world's championship.
• Page 238: The outfit includes a cup of glass or plastic about 1½ inches in diameter and ½ to 1½ inches in height, though these dimensions are variable. The cup is placed in the center of a felt-covered table and the players set their "winks" in a row, at opposite sides of the table and at equal distance from the cup.
  
  Each player, in turn, presses the edge of his shooter against the edge of a wink, giving it a sharp snap that sends the wink flying toward the cup. The first person landing all three winks in the cup is the winner, but this is seldom accomplished at the outset. Each time a wink is popped in the cup, the player gets another shot.
  
  When a player misses the cup, his turn ends. He can shoot the same wink on a later turn from wherever it happens to lie; hence some players prefer to approach the cup with a short hop followed by another within easy range. A long shot that misses and carries to the far side of the table must be played from there; while if a wink goes completely off the table, it is replaced back at the starting position.
  
  Approach shots have their disadvantages, too. If a wink lands quite close to the cup, it is often difficult to pop it in. The alternative is to shoot it against the side of the cup so that it rebounds to a convenient distance for the next shot. That, however, means a wasted turn.
  
  If a wink is actually tilted against the outside of the cup, it cannot be played until it is knocked from its propped position. The player manages that by shooting another wink against it. If his first two winks are already in the cup when the third becomes propped outside, the player is really in trouble, as he is sure to lose the game unless his opponent knocks it away. Naturally, the opponent will avoid that, by working strictly from the other side of the cup, with a series of unlimited turns.
  
  Another impasse occurs when one wink lands upon another of the opposing color. Only the upper wink can be played, so assuming that a red wink is partly covered by a blue, the Red player has two alternatives. He can shoot a red wink at the covering blue wink in an effort to knock it away and free the red wink beneath; or he can wait until the Blue player is forced to play the upper wink, thus releasing the captive red automatically.
  
  The three-player game follows the same pattern, with each player on his own. The same applies to four players, unless the players opposite each other are teams as partners, as Red and Blue vs. Yellow and White. This makes an excellent game, as one player can often help his partner. The game can be simplified by allowing each player to
  
• Page 239: shoot either his own winks or those of his partner. The team that first lands all its winks in the cup winks the game.
  
  If desired, each player may be given four or more winks to start, thus lengthening the game. If a table with the proper shooting surface is not available, the players can use small squares of felt, which are provided with most tiddlywinks sets. A wink is lifted so the felt can be put in position; then the wink is replaced for the coming shot. With a partly covered wink, it is lifted with the one above, then both are replaced on the felt together, so the upper wink can be shot away.
  
  Tiddlywinks can be played with a cup set in the center of a raised cardboard divided into squares bearing the numbers 5, 10, and 20, with the cup counting 25. After one player has landed all his winks on the squares or in the cup, scores are counted and the highest is the winner. During play, a wink may be knocked to another square; wherever it is at the finish, that square counts, and the saem applies if a wink is knocked into the cup. Any wink on a dividing line is counted as belonging to the lower square.
  
  Another excellent variant is played with a layout resembling a target, with its concentric circles numbered 5, 10, 15, 39, toward the center, which counts 50. After all winks have been landed by a player or a team, scores are counted to determine the winner. Here, again, a wink touching two circles is scored according to the lower value.
  
  Special layouts and boards have been designed so that such games as bowling, basketball, and tennis can be played with tiddlywinks. With bowling, the player shoots winks to knock down miniature tenpins provided with the set. With basketball, players shoot goals through nets. With tennis, play goes back and forth within lines marked in the conventional pattern of a tennis court. All these add new and intriguing elements to tiddlywink play.

Craig Glenday. Guinness Book of Records 2011. © 2011. Bantam Books

• TRIVIA
  
  In tiddlywinks, the large disk, which is used to flip the smaller disks into the air, is called a "squidger."

Robert Glody. A shepherd of the far North; the story of William Francis Walsh.

• Page 169: Chapter Nine
  
  Alaska
  1929-1930
  
  Sunday, July 28.
  
  Dear X., Stockton, California: [...]
  
  
• Page 170: P. S.—I intended to put off begging till another time, but since mail is so slow I decided to "do it now." If any of the Y. L. I. or their little brothers have any extra games, or toys, "Lotto," "Nelly Bly," " Tiddledy Winks," etc., etc., I would appreciate the same. Remember: Toys or games are not to be bought. If such extras are not on hand, I appreciate the intention. [...] W. F. W.

Charles Larcom Graves, Edward Verral Lucas. The war of the wenuses.1898. Page 93

• Afterwards we tried "Tiddleywinks"and "Squails," and I beat him so persistently that both sides of the House were mine and my geniality entirely returned.

Rufus Smith Green. An all-around boy: The life and letters of Ralph Robinson Green‎. © 1893. Page 159.

• April 12. [1891] [...] I have had good success at most of the parties I have been to, where there were prizes. At a progressive Tiddledy-winks about a month ago, I captured the booby prize (I had never tried to play it before); but at the last Tiddledy — it was on the evening Belle arrived here — my skill had improved, and I got the second prize, a sterling silver case for court-plaster.

Elizabeth F. Guptill. The twins and how they entertained the new minister. New York, Tullar Meredith Co., © 1914. PS635.Z9 G9778. Page 5.

• Bobby. [...] And these pretty round things are the chips.
• Betty. They look more like Tiddledy Winks. They use 'em instead of money, 'cause Mamma won't let 'em play for money. That's gambling.

Cosmo Hamilton. The infinite capacity. 1911. New York: D. FitzGerald, Inc.

• Page 236: "Well, lately we have taken to playing tiddled-winks with him. Yesterday he and I had a match.
• Page 237: The winner was to have five hundred thousand francs. I lost, and so monsieur made a note to tell Monsieur Hyspase to write me a cheque for it. That is his way."

Florence La Ganke Harris and Hazel Hanna Huston. The new home economics omnibus. 1945. Boston: D. C. Health and company.

• Page 390: Unit 4. The Growing Child—His Clothing and Activities
  The Halle Play Plan [footnote 1]
• Page 390, footnote 1: Copyright 1932, by The Halle Bros. Co. Fifth edition, June, 1938.
• Page 398: Five to Six Years
• Page 400: Games:
  Ring-toss, tennis, croquet, fish pond, card games, tiddledy winks, picture lotto, games that supplement school work, cut-outs, puzzles

John Michael Harris, Jeffry L. Hirst, Michael J. Mossinghoff. Combinatorics and graph theory. Second edition, © 2008. Page 60.

• In 1859 the English game company Jaques and Son bought the rights to manufacture and market "Icosian Game."
• Footnote 8: Jaques & Son managed to get over this particular setback. The company, still in business today, had much better success in popularizing Tiddledy Winks (now Tiddly Winks), Snake and Ladders (now Chutes and Ladders), and Whiff Whaff (Table Tennis).

Joseph K. Hart. An introduction to the social studies; an elementary text-book for professional and preparatory groups. 1937. New York: The Macmillan company

• Page 50: Here are recreational groups, in bewildering variety: college and high school athletic in-
• Page 51: terests; playground groups, in all parts of the city; and all sorts of "clubs" for all sorts of recreational purposes from the playing of chess and bridge to badminton and tiddledy winks.

Ben Hecht. Erik Dorn. © 1921. New York: G. P. Putnam & Sons.

• Page 155: Was man after all a creature consecrated to institutions, doomed to expend himself upon institutions? A hundred million nervous systems, each capable of ecstasies and torments, devoting themselves to the business of political brick-laying. Politics—a defomity of the imagination; a game of tiddledy-winks played with guns and souls.

Gregg Herken. Brotherhood of the Bomb. 2002. Henry Holt and Co. ISBN-13: 978-0805065886

• Page 13: the top physicists of their generation, drunk and crouched on all fours, playing a version of tiddlywinks on the geometric patterns of [Jay] Oppenheimer's Navajo rug.

Darwin A. Hindman. Handbook of indoor games and stunts. © 1955. Page 197 ("TIDDLY-WINKS") (Reprinted in The complete book of games and stunts. © 1956. Page 197.)

• Page 197: 36. TIDDLY-WINKS
  
  Tiddly-winks is a trade name that, like many others, has come into general use. In the game, a player has a number of small disks made of plastic, one disk larger than the others. He sets a small disk down on the table, preferably on some surface not completely rigid; then he presses the larger disk down on the smaller one, and by sliding the large one off the edge of the other causes it to fly into the air. This method of projection can be used in several games, but the most important one, and the one referred to here, is a simple contest in which each player tries to snap a number of the disks into a cup. All players take the same number of shots from the same distance and score one for each disk that goes into the cup.

Elbert Hubbard. Little Journeys to the Homes of Good Men and Great. 1895. G. P. Putnam and Sons, New York and London.

• Page 342: You hear the jingle of keys, the flick of the whip, and the rattle of lawn mower; and a cold, secret fear takes possession of you--a sort of half-frenzied impulse to flee before smug modernity takes you captive and whisks you off to play tiddledy-winks or to dance the racquet.

Robert G. Ingersoll. The works of Robert G. Ingersoll. Volume 8.

• Page 457 (heading): Growing Old Gracefully, and Presbyterianism"
• Page 460: I am not at all surprised that the General Assembly took up this progressive euchre matter. The word "progressive " is always obnoxious to the ministers. Euchre under another name might go. Of course, progressive euchre is a kind of gambling. I knew a young man, or rather heard of him, who won at progressive euchre a silver spoon. At first this looks like nothing, almost innocent, and yet that spoon, gotten for nothing, sowed the seed of gambling in that young man's brain. He became infatuated with euchre, then with cards in general, then with draw-poker in particular, then into Wall Street. He is now a total wreck, and has the impudence to say that it was all "pre-ordained." Think of the thousands and millions that are being demoralized by games of chance, by marbles—when they play for keeps—by billiards and croquet, by fox and geese, authors, halma, tiddledy winks and pigs in clover. In all these miserable games, is the infamous element of chance—the raw material of gambling. Probably none of these games could be played exclusively for the glory of God. I agree with the Presbyterian General Assembly, if the creed is true, why should anyone try to amuse himself? If there is a hell, and all of us are going there, there should never be another smile on the human face. We should spend our days in sighs, our nights in tears. The world should go insane. We find strange combinations good men with bad creeds, and bad men with good ones and so the great world stumbles along.—The Blade, Toledo, Ohio, June 4, 1891.

Florence Irwin. Auction high-lights, with a full exposition of the nullo count. 1913. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons. Much of the material previously appeared in the New York Times.

• Page 16: From New Bedford: "You may put down our
• Page 17: circle here, 'as agreeing with you about the high-spade bids. We have used four of them constantly and while they averaged fairly well, not sufficiently well to tack on to a game that is sufficient unto itself. If Auction keeps advanc-
  ing (?) I, for one, am going back to tiddledy-winks. . . . The more there is of it, the less there is to it."

Dorothy H. Jenkins. A fortune in the junkpile. ©1963.

• Page 397: Whether the old pin-on games that were a staple of children's parties, and the wherewithal for tiddlywinks, fish pond, old maind, and snap, which adults played with gusto between 1890 and 1914 are to be turned over to youngsteres, sold, or thrown away is a decision for the finder.

Brian Jewell. Sports & games: history & origins. 1977. [Library of Congress number: GV571.J48]

• Pages 108­9: The children's game of tiddlywinks falls into this class of activity as the missile is projected from a stationary position. One cannot start to speculate on the origin of Tiddlywinks but there are many surviving bone discs of considerable antiquity. Worth of mention is the charming accessory of the game made in Victorian times: the Tiddlywinks Tower. This was a miniature bell tower made from either tin plate or wood. The object was to flick the tiddlywink into one of the window openings and so ring the bell.

Owen Johnson. The eternal boy; being the story of the prodigious Hickey.1909. New York: Dodd, Mead.

• Page 154: "In the corner for the Gutter Pup, Mr. William Condit, the tiddledy-winks champion, and the only Triumphant Egghead in captivity.
  
  "In the corner for Lovely, Mr. Turkey Reiter, the Dickinson Mud Lark, and Mr. Charles De Soto, the famous crochet expert [... "]

Bertha Johnston and Fanny Chapin. Home occupations for boys and girls. 1908. Philadelphia: G. W. Jacobs & co.

• Page 99: Cherry-Stone Game (Save and dry a dozen or more cherry-stones)
  
  Scatter the stones lightly on the table. They will fall so that some lie closely together, others far apart. The first player selects any two stones and draws his
  finger between them so that he touches neither. If he succeeds thus far he must then try to snap one (with thumb and middle finger) so that it strikes the other. If this succeeds also the two stones belong to him and he has another turn, continuing until he either touches a stone in trying to draw a finger between two
  or fails to make one of the two hit the other. The second player will not fare so well, because the remaining pairs will lie closer together than those first chosen, so that great care will be needed in drawing the finger between two. Sometimes it is necessary to use the little finger. At the end the player having most stones wins the game. The stones may be dyed or painted if desired. The game suggests tiddledy-winks and crokinole.

T. Howard Kelly. What outfit Buddy? 1920. New York: Harper & brothers.

• Page 46: "There wasn't any amusements on that boat. Not even a checker-board or a game of tiddledy-de-winks.["]

John M. Knapp, editor. The universities and the social problem; an account of the university settlements in east London. Rivington, Percival & Co., King Street, Covent Garden, London. 1895.

• Page 135: The club system is certainly the best way to get hold of these boys.You all meet as friends, and amuse yourselves together at innocuous pastimes like Tiddleywinks and Halma. It is quite a study to watch some rising young pug engaged at a game of Tiddleywinks.

Arthur Wilson Lambert Jr. Modern archery : a text book on the art of shooting for accuracy with the bow and arrow. 1929. New York: A. S. Barnes & company.

• Page 143: Archery is not tiddledy-winks! It is a physical sport that requires excellence in many departments for best results. The strong man naturally has the advantage, and to seek to nullify this fact of nature tends to lower a sport of national scope to the level of a handicap affair in the worst possible manner.

• Said Rosamond Gilder TAM of Kaufman, "The hand of the master can be discerned keeping the bright colored tiddledy-winks hopping about in agile parabolas, but always landing centre stage.

Guernsey Le Pelley, Janet Bassemir. Funny side up.1991.

• Aside from the challenging complications of the game, much of the appeal may come from the use of ridiculous words such as squidging, double wink bristol, squop, nerdle, and winkers.

James Henry Lewis. Lectures on the art of writing. 1816 (?). 7th edition. Page 52

• that great kiddy what now wears the wig, were once a noted speechifyer in a sartain kidliewink what is called the "House of Commons" [...]

Lady Emily Lutyens (Lytton). A blessed girl; memoirs of a Victorian childhood chronicled in correspondence 1887­1896. © 1953. J. B. Lippincott Co., Philadelphia. [Library of Congress number: DA533.L9]. Correspondence with Reverend Whitwell Elwin, in chapter "Seventeen".

• Page 97: Terling Place, April 24 [1892]
  
  I notice that whenever I expect to be happy and at my ease I am always miserable, and when I expect to die of shyness and misery I am quite happy. Last night I went to dinner with Mr. Crawley (footnote: Ernest Crawley, a well-known amateur cricketer.) and he actually talked to me about Paris and things which I understood. I shall feel grateful to him for ever after. I do not know what I said about Paris, but I talked and made long sentences when I might have said what I wanted in two words. Doll Liddell sat on my other side and he even deigned to say a few words to me. I like him, but he always nods when you are talking, and looks as if he had heard quite enough before you have begun to talk. After dinner we all played the most exciting game that ever was invented, called Tiddleywinks. It consists in flipping counters into a bowl, and being a good number we played at two tables, one table against another, and the excitment was tremendous. I assure you everyone's character changes at Tiddleywinks in the most marvelous way. To begin with, everyone begins to scream at the top of their voices and to accuse everyone else of cheating. Even I forgot my shyness and howled with excitement. Con darted about the room snatching at counters, screaming and trembling with excitement. Lord Wolmer flicked all the counters off the table and cheated in every possible way. George Talbot was very
• Page 98: distressed at this and conscientiously picked every counter up again. Even Gerald got fearfully excited and was quite furious because someone at his table knocked over the bowl just as all the counters were in. Sidney Colvin, whom they nicknamed the Bard because he wrote a prize poem at Cambridge, also got excited and thought he played beautifully. He was at Gerald's table and whenever a counter dropped on the floor G. turned to him and said, "Oh, now you can pick that up," and coolly went on playing. Even he began to scream. I assure you no words can picture either the intense excitement or the noise. I almost scream in describing it.

Robert Lynd. The money-box. 1926

• Page 61: [...] more unseemly behaviour at a Sunday School soirée and more evil passions on the faces of people playing tiddleywinks.

Inez & Marshall McClintock. Toys in America. 1961. [Library of Congress number: GV1200.M3]

• Page 265: F.A.O. Schwarz later remembered that, in 1883 [sic; date is incorrect], several elderly English ladies came into his store and asked for the game of "Tiddley Winks". None could be found in America, so Schwarz undertook to have some rather crude sets made for them. These caught on, and when American manufacturers began making the old English game, Schwarz stopped.
• Page 346: Parker [Brothers] has sold [...] tiddledy winks

James A. Mackay. Childhood antiques. © 1976.

• Page 76: Even in the matter of nursery game the Victorian child took things very seriously. There were some board games, however, which provided little or no intellectual stimulus. Chief among these was bagatelle [...] and tiddlywinks, whose apparent inanity (to the uninitiated) is often regarded as the ultimate in useless activities.

Erin McKean, editor, Verbatim: The Language Quarterly. Verbatim. © 2001. Pages 149-152. Reprint of article by Philip Michael Cohen, "Winking Words", from Verbatim magazine. With illustration.

Steve McKee. The call of the game. McGraw­Hill, New York. © 1987. [GV583.M345; ISBN 0-07-045354-3] Inside front jacket cover, pages 56­68 (1980 tournaments at MIT: World Singles, Continentals; history; lexicon)

• Page 56: Room 407 in the MIT Student Center was old and tired and overworked, an empty space surrounded by walls that should have been painted years ago. A couple of folding chairs and one table sat in the middle of the room. This was the setting for the World Singles Tiddlywinks Championships.[...]

Sir Compton Mackenzie. Youth's encounter. Chapter 18, Eighteen Years Old. 1913

• Page 455: There were the mutilated games that commemorated Christmas after Christmas of the past. Here was the pack of Happy Families, with Mrs. Chip now a widow, Mr. Block the Barber a widower, and the two young Grits grotesque orphans of the grocery. There were Ludo and Lotto and Tiddledy-winks, whose counters, though terribly depleted, were still eloquent with the undetermined squabbles and favorite colors of childhood.

Ella MacMahon. A modern man. 1895

• Page 108-109: But Byng and Miss Vesey cut the reminiscenary digression very short by making everybody sit down forthwith to play "Tiddlywinks."
  
  "Tiddlywinks," as everybody konws, is a charming game. It has, indeed, two prominently delightful advantages, namely, any number of persons can take part in the game, and "no previous konwledge," as the advertisements say, "is necessary."
  
  So once more the whole party ranged themselves at the round table, and the game began.
• Page 110: She declared afterwards that she had never enjoyed anything so much in her life as this game of "Tiddlywinks," with Merton Byng close beside her.

Bernard S. Mason & Elmer D. Mitchell. Social games for recreation. 1935.

• Page 136: Tiddle-de-Wink Snap
  
  Party, Home ... Juniors to Adult
  
  Draw a one-foot circle on a table and place a tumbler in its center. Mark four points on the table one inch outside the circle in four different directions. The players take turns in attempting to snap tiddle-de-winks into the tumbleer, snapping four each turn, one from each of the four points outside the circle. Each successful snap scores one point.

James Stetson Metcalfe. Jane Street of Gopher Prairie. New York, The Probano publishing company, 1921.

• Page 444: As they scattered over the first floor they found a number of tables supplied with cards for the game of "Authors," parcheesi boards, tiddledy -winks, and picture puzzles. In Street's office the operating table had been prepared for a ping-pong game. Not a poker deck, chip, or bridge-score card in sight.

Jolyon P. Girard, volume editor; Randall M. Miller, general editor.The Greenwood Encyclopedia of Daily Life in America. Volume 4. © 2009.

• Page 602: Croquet
  
  By far the most popular lawn sport of the Industrial Age was croquet. [...]
  
  By the 1880s the game's faddish nature began to be diluted by the emergence of lawn tennis, but the game continued to be popular. Former slave Frederick Douglass loved the game and built a croquet court at his Anacosta, Virginia, home in 1894. Croquet served as an inspiration for table games as well. McLoughlin Brothers copyrighted the rules for Tiddledy Wink Croquet, and E.I. Horsman came out with Lo Lo the New Parlor Croquet Game, which used colored disks to represent the croquet balls and mallet disks to snap them into positions or through the arches (Shrock, 2004, 118).
  
  

A. A. Milne. If I May. ©1921. Originally published by E. P. Dutton & Company.

• Christmas Games
• Let us consider the ideal Christmas game. In the first place, it must be a round game; that is to say, at least six people must be able to play it simultaneously. No game for two only is permissible at Christmas--unless, of course, it be under the mistletoe. Secondly, it must be a game into which skill does not enter, or, if it does, it must be a skill which is as likely to be shown by a child of eight or an old gentleman of eighty as by a 'Varsity blue. Such skill, for instance, as manifests itself at Tiddleywinks, that noble game. Yet, even so, Tiddleywinks is too skilful a pursuit. One cannot say what it is that makes a good Tiddleywinker, whether eye or wrist or supple finger-work, but it is obvious that one who is "winking" badly must be depressed by the thought that he is appearing stupid and clumsy to
  his neighbours, and that this feeling is not conducive to that happiness which his many Christmas cards have called down upon him.
  
  It is better, therefore, that the element of skill should be absent. Let it be a game of luck only; and, since it is impossible to play a Christmas game for money, you will not be depressed if you lose.
  
  The third and last essential of the ideal game is that it must provoke laughter. You cannot laugh at Tiddleywinks, nor at Ludo (as I hear, but I have never yet discovered what Ludo is), nor at Happy Families. But the ideal game is provocative of that best kind of laughter--laughter at the undeserved misfortunes of others, seasoned by the knowledge that at any moment a similar misfortune may happen to oneself.

Bill Minutaglio, First Son George W. Bush and the Bush family dynasty. © 1999. Three Rivers Press.

• Page 21: "Listen, our family's middle name was games. Oh, we used to have tiddlywinks championships! Oh, wild tiddlywinks championships! We'd play, oh, just about every kind of game you can think of, from Parcheesi to tiddlywinks to Go Fish or Sir Hinkam Funny Duster," said Dorothy's son Prescott Bush Jr.

C. C. Mitchell. The millionaire of Uz. © 1920. Boston: Richard G. Badger.

• Page 165: With divine friendship as a foundation, he begins his picture — his soul portrait. And to divine friendship he adds domestic love. He speaks of the two in
  the one breath. "When the Almighty was with me and my children were about me." Human love is the twin of divine; and the institution that stands for its highest expression is not my lodge nor your golf club, not your social set where you go through the tiddledy -wink stunts of society, but the biggest and divinest institution this side of the love-lit throne is home,^be it ever so humble, there is no place like
  home. If we had more home, we would need less a lot of other clap-trap devices.

Montrose J. Moses, Virginia J. Gerson. Clyde Fitch and His Letters. 1924. Little, Brown, and Company.

• Page 219: FROM MAUDE ADAMS (n. d., 1902)
  
  Cheer up! Im reduced to Tiddledy-winks! -- and Lotto and Halma,

Virginia Musselman. Home play in wartime. ©1942. National Recreation Association Inc. [GV1201.M9]

• Page 7: Remember Tiddledy Winks? How exciting it was to get out the green felt cloth, put the little cup in the center, and pick out which color you would play with! It's centuries old. The Chinese played it with beautifully carved counters and cups of ivory or jade, and it was a very thoughtful game of skill. Your family will love it, too.

Robert Nicholson, ed. Shell weekend guide to London and the south east. 1979. (See Winking World 33)

• With squidger poised ready to squop an enemy wink, the modern devotee will insist the game now combines the accuracy of golf with the tactical skill of bridge - and there are national and international tournaments to prove it. [...]

James Norbury. The world of Victoriana. ©1972.

• Page 107: There is also cap and ball, Diabolo and tiddlywinks to while away the idle hours.

Philip Orbanes. The game makers: the story of Parker Brothers from Tiddledy Winks to Trivial Pursuit. Harvard Business Press. 2004

• Page x: "George led the firm to bring American everything from Tiddledy Winksand Rook, to Mah-Jongg and Ping-Pong"
• Page 24-25: "Winks and Balloons" section: "When word reached him of a funny little flicking game being played everywhere in Queen Victoria's country, he grabbed the U.S. rights." ... "Parker Brothers immediately applied for a U.S. trademark for the name Tiddledy Winks." and more. Image of a Parker Brothers "TIDDLEDY WINKS" game
• Page 30-31: "Ping-Pong" section: "He first learned this principle by watching the way his competitors capitalized on the Tiddledy Winks fad after he was unable to secure its trademark."
• Page 48: "In 1910, for example, Tiddledy Winks, Pillow-Dex, and especially Ping-Pong were still available in multiple editions."
  

K. Miller Palmer. The paradox of peace. Seattle, Press of the Progressive printing company, © 1935. Page 24

• Frankly and privately the same professor will believe Jesus to have been an impostor and the illegitimate son of a fallen woman, and then refer to that of no more consequence than tiddledy-winks.

Parker Brothers Inc. 75 years of fun. 1958.

• Page 28: The 1890s saw several fads sweep the entertainment world. One of the earliest was Tiddledy Winks, which became the rage among grownups and children alike. Parker Brothers was quick to satisfy the big demand, bringing out not only many different sets of Tiddledy Winks but variations on the game, such as Hop Scotch Tiddledy Winks and Tiddledy Winks Tennis.

Lockie Parker, Association for Arts in Childhood. Story parade. Volume 6. 1941

• Page 50: "here are new ways to use your old game materials. By making a very simple board you can play a table game of SHUFFLEBOARD with your old Tiddledy-Winks"
• Page 56: "Fun With Tiddledy Winks"

Francis Bail Pearson. Reveries of a schoolmaster. 1917.

• Page 186: A young man who had been spending the evening in the home of a neighbor complained that they did not play any games, and did nothing but talk. I could not ask what games he meant, fearing that I might smile in his face if he should say crokinole, tiddledy-winks, or button-button. [...] I was sorry to miss such an evening, and think I could forego tiddledywinks with a fair degree of amiability if, instead, I could hear such a man talk. I have seen people yawn in an art gallery. I fear to play tiddledywinks lest my hour may resume the guise of a hag.
• Page 188: If I can recite even these six plays in those six evenings I shall feel that I did well in deciding ror Shakespeare instead of tiddledywinks.
• Page 190: I plainly see that I have played my last game of tiddledywinks and solitaire.

J. Roland Pennock, John W. Chapman, editors. Nomos IX-Equality. © 1967. Yearbook of the American society for political and legal philosophy.

• Page 109: We may truthfully say, with Dr. James Conant, sometime President of Harvard, that "every honest calling has its own elite, its own aristocracy. Nevertheless, the ability or knack to produce a perfect tiddlywink is not of a high order of social importance. A machine can do it better—whichfact, in certain contexts, humiliates the claims of fine mathematicians.

University of Pennsylvania. University lectures delivered by members of the faculty in the free public lecture course, 1913/1914. 1915. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

• Page 55: Is the Montessori Method a Fad?
  By Frank Pierrepont Graves
  
  After all the popular excitement, spectacular magazine articles and more or less interesting books on the subject, the busy man— even the educator—is still asking, "What is the Montessori Method?" Is it a wonderful discovery of educational principles, an ingenious invention of material and devices or merely a new fad that has been exalted by manufacturers of educational apparatus and enterprising journalists into a profitable cult and propaganda? Will the inventor of the ''didactic apparatus'' be eventually enshrined a little above Pestalozzi and Froebel, Mann and Barnard, in the educational pantheon, or will she be relegated to the limbo of the exponents of tiddledy-winks and ping-pong, of Belgian hares and Teddy bears? While "neither a prophet nor the son of a prophet," it is in the hope of answering such questions and of satisfying such a mild curiosity, that this sketch is added to the pyramid of Montessorian literature.
  

John B. Pick. 180 games for one player. 1954. Pages 55­61 ("TIDDLEY-WINK GAMES": "Counter Battle", "Tiddley-winks", "Tiddley-wink Cricket", "Tiddley-wink Football")

• Page 55: TIDDLEY-WINK GAMES
  
  Counter Battle
  
  This game was invented as a contest between two players, but a single player can enjoy it, Yorkshire against Lancashire, Shropshire against the Isle of Wight, Architects against Sanitary Inspectors, Vikings against Picto-Scots, Angles against Curves, Alfred against the Cakes. . . . Arrange ten or twelve counters of one colour in line at one end of a blanketed table, ten or twelve of another colour at the other end, both lines equidistant from a halfpenny-sized chalk circle in the centre. The aim is to sweep the enemy from the field. If one counter lands on another so as to overlap it, the counter underneath is dead and removed forthwith from the board. If a counter touches an enemy counter but fails to overlap it, that counter may move again but not to continue the attack, only to escape the inevitable counter's counter-attack. [footnote 1] If a counter overlaps an enemy it may move again to attack another and so on as long as it remains successful. If a counter lodges cleanly in
• Page 55 footnote 1: This game, of the Spring Sales in Manchester, is of course the origin of the epxression 'counter-attack'. See P. E. Crutchley-Fairburn: My Investigations in Heraldic Philology (1921).
• Page 56: ###

Eleanor Hodgman Porter. The road to understanding. 1917. Houghton Mifflin Company, The Riverside Press, Cambridge, Mass.

• Page 2: From the first they were comrades, even when comradeship meant the poring over a Mother Goose story-book, or mastering the intricacies of a game of tiddledywinks.
• Page 266: Things that his father had done and said, his little ways, his likes and dislikes, the hours of delight they had passed together, the trips they had taken, even the tiddledywinks and Mother Goose of childhood came in for their share.

Puck's authors. Hanks; assorted yarns from Puck. 1893. New York: Keppler & Schwarzmann.

• Page 27 (title): The Jigs of Abner Peabody
• Page 28: If there was any-
• Page 29: thing that Miss Greer disliked it was a partial boarding-house, and she said so that evening at the tiddledy-winks meeting in Miss Mulsifer's room.

Julian Ralph. Dixie: or, Southern scenes and sketches. Harper Brothers, New York. ©1895. Page 12.

• The boat stopped at a landing, and it was as if it had died. There was no sound of running about or of yelling; there was simply deathlike stillness. There was a desk and a student-lamp in the great cabin, and, alas for the unities! on the desk lay a pad of telegraph blanks—" the mark of the beast!" But they evidently were only a bit of accidental drift from wide-awake St. Louis, and not intended for the passengers, because the clerk came out of his office, swept them into a drawer, and invited me to join him in a game of tiddledywinks. He added to the calm pleasures of the game by telling of a Kentucky girl eleven feet high, who stood at one end of a very wide table and shot the disks into the cup from both sides of the table without changing her position. I judged from his remarks that she was simply a tall girl who played well at tiddledy winks. No man likes to be beaten at his own game, the tools for which he carried about with him. Even princes of the blood royal show annoyance when it happens.

Reader's Digest book of facts. © 1987. The Reader's Digest Association, Inc., Pleasantville NY. {AG105.R32}.

• Page 352: SQUOPPING THE WINK

Eugene Manlove Rhodes. Copper Streak Trail. © 1917 Curtis Publishing Company, © 1922 Eugene Manlove Rhodes

• Page 173: " — old oaken schoolhouse that stood in a swamp. It is a shame, of the burning variety that a State as wealthy as New York does n't and won't provide country schools with playgrounds big enough for anything but tiddledy-winks!" declared Miss Selden.

Phyllis Robbins. Maude Adams: An Intimate Portrait. 1956. Putnam.

• And later, no dates given: Cheer up! I'm reduced to Tiddledy-winks! -- and Lotto and Halma

Edward Alsworth Ross. Social Psychology. © 1908. New York: The Macmillan company.

• Page 80: Theory of the fad. The fad originates in the surprise or interest excited by novelty. Roller skating, blue glass, the planchette, a forty days' fast, tiddledy-winks, faith healing, the "13-14-15" puzzle, baseball, telepathy, or the sexual novel attract those restless folk who are always running hither and thither after some new thing.

Béla Schick, William Rosenson. Child care today. 1941. Cleveland, Ohio: World publishing co.

• Page 181: Child Guidance and Behavior Problems
• Page 214: Companionship and Play
• Page 217: Toys have been made the subject of a number of serious studies with a view to their value for physical development and education of the various age groups of children. One of the best of these studies was that made by Edith London Boehm of the Child Study Association of America. The following list of toys is taken from her article, Fitting the Toy to the Child (Child Study Magazine):
• Page 220: Four to Six Years
• Page 221: Games for Socialization
  [...]
  Tiddledy winks

T. J. Shaw-Sloane. Gnomic sunbeams. Boston: Damrell & Upham, the Old Corner Bookstore, 1891. Page 52

• Stamped on Page 1: Library of Congress Copyright Apr 3 1891 Washington
  
• Once I said : — " Bill — a moment stay ;
  How do you spend the Sabbath day ? "
  '' Lay abed — smoke — and sometimes play
  Tiddledy Winks with sister May." —
  " Church? " " No I'm not onto that lay,"
  Wasn't Newsboy Bill ?

Susan Sheehan, Howard B. Means. The banana sculptor, the purple lady, and the all-night swimmer: hobbies, collecting, and other passionate pursuits. © 2002. Pages 252-257

• Page 252: ["] Then like a thunderbolt both Martin and I realised it must be tiddlywinks, a game we had both enjoyed greatly in our early life."
  
  In 1958 the English Tiddlywinks Association (ETwA) was formed, and the game caught on at Oxford as well as at Cambridge. [...]
  
  The game crossed the pond in the early sixties. In 1962, Oxford defeated Harvard in a challenge match. [...] The best MIT players moved away—Larry Kahn; Dave Lockwood, '75; and Rick Tucker, '76, to Washington, and "Sunshine" (a pony-tailed man who chooses to go by one name), '69, to Philadelphia. [...]

Grace Carew Sheldon. As we saw it in '90. 1890. Boston: Woman's Exchange.

• Page 194: NEW YORK, September 22, 1890.
  
  Being interrupted in Paris, I found I could finish this letter in New York and get it to Buffalo as soon as if sent from there. [...]
• Page 197: And now, before I say hail and farewell, let me tell you that Tiddledy Winks " is the hero of the hour in New York, and I hear a rumor that "Halma," the former favorite, is already black and yellow with rage, and trembling in his boots
  for fear of dethronement. Has Buffalo yet become a victim to his charms ! If not, it should, and I shall take pains to inquire upon my arrival not many days hence.

Alice Corbin Sies. Spontaneous and supervised play in childhood. 1922. New York: The Macmillan company.

• Page 283: Chapter XIX
  Movements of Gross Bodily Control: Throwing, Rolling, and Spinning Plays [...]
• Page 292. Record of Throwing, Rolling, and Spinning Plays [...]
• Page 294. 3. Throwing at a Mark [...]
• Page 297: 16. The following games proved popular in the indoor playrooms. Nearly all illustrate the principle of rolling or throwing objects through holes: [...]
• Page 298: Tiddledy Winks: a dish serves as a mark for shots.

Ed Sikov, Mr. Strangelove: A Biography of Peter Sellers. © 2002. Hyperion: New York. Page 113

• The Goon Show's eighth series had been running since September 1957. In March 1958, an episode called "Tiddlywinks" aired. It was based on the real-life match that had occurred on March 2 between the Cambridge University tiddlywinks team on one side and the three Goons and Graham Stark on the other. The college boys had originally thrown their challenge to the Duke of Edinburgh, but the Duke, knowing of his son's admiration for Sellers, Milligan, and Secombe, gallantly nominated them as his stand-ins. Although they did have the last laugh with their broadcast, the Goons lost the match itself by a lopsided score of 120 to 50.
  
  But Peter Sellers had other winks to tiddle. He was making movies, superindustriously [...]

Herman Smith. Stina, the story of a cook. © 1942. M. Barrow & Co., Inc.

• Page 101: With the coming of spring my second eldest sister
  began acting very strangely, or so it seemed to me. Moon-
  ing about, absent minded, refusing to play tiddledy -winks
  and lotto with me as she had always done—living appar-
  ently in a trance.
  
  I knew she had a beau, an agreeable friendly chap who
  had contributed many a nickel to my bank.
• Page 108: veiling with a Queen Anne collar of white lace, pendants
  of pearl passementerie quivering in the light from throat
  to hem, white roses in her hair and in her hands, this
  vision with shining eyes and strangely exalted look could
  not be the sister with whom I played tiddledy-winks.
• Page 110: Suddenly I felt very sad and lonely. There would be no
  one to play tiddledy -winks and Iptto with me now. My
  eldest sister was far too busy.

Nina L. Smith (N.L.S.). Tales of St. Augustine.© 1891. Cambridge, Massachusetts: W. H. Wheeler.

• Page 68: Most of the cabin were congregated in the cabin of the yacht, playing Tiddledy Winks for nickels.

Alice Kimball-Smith and Charles Weiner, editors. Robert Oppenheimer. Letters and Recollections. Harvard Press. 1980.

• He invents 'a lethally complicated version' of tiddlywinks

Stephanie Spadaccini. The big book of rules: board games, kids' games, card games, from backgammon and bocce to tiddlywinks and stickball. © 2005. 3 pages, unnumbered. A Plume Book.

• TIDDLYWINKS
  
  You can't learn Tiddlywinks without learning a whole new vocabulary—words like "squidge" and "squop" ... not to mention "tiddly"

Burt L. Standish. The making of a big leaguer. © 1915

• Page 64: "What gives you that notion?" he snarled. "I'm after a star tiddleywinks player. Know the game?"
  
  "Tiddleywinks? Well, not; but I can play better baseball than some of those fellows that adorn your infield," was the reply.

Mrs. Winifred d'Estcourte Sackville Stoner. Natural education. 1914. Page 125

• You come over to my house this evening and I'll show you how to have some real fun playing tiddledywinks.' The name tiddledywinks aroused Winifred's 'risibilities' and she was very eager to accept this invitation. [...] The child came home sooner than I had expected and, when I asked her if she had enjoyed the game of tiddledywinks, she replied, 'Oh, mother, it was too silly to be funny!' [...]

Jay S. Stowell. The child and America's future. 1923. New York.

• Page 62: Fortunately, the child's play life must and should begin in the home, but unfortunately, many parents are unskilled in the matter of directing their children's play. There was a time when almost the entire play life of the child centered about the home; when, in addition to the outdoor games, dominoes, checkers, tiddledy
  winks, parcheesi, jack straws, and a host of other fireside games and activities made the home the center of ever-fascinating interest. The very fact that many
  of these games were home-made added unmistakably to their value.

William Howard Taft. Service with fighting men: an account of the work of the American Young Men's Christian Associations in The World War, Volume 1. 1922. Association Press, New York.

• Pages 324-325: So simple were some of the "stunts" that at first some of the officers wanted to know why they were not asked to teach the men "Tiddly-winks" or "Drop the handkerchief."

Arlene G. Taylor. The organization of information. Second edition. 2003. Chapter 9, Subject Analysis. Page 247

• title and subtitle
  
  
• A title can be helpful in giving an immediate impression of the topic of a document, but a title can also be misleading. [...] On the other hand, the title A Compendium of Tiddlywinks Perversions is not so clear, and is not assisted by its other title information, Alleghany Airlines Book Club Presents.

Johannes AndreasTheis. Uber die notwendigsten Hauptregeln der Tempus- und Moduslehre im Griechischen. 1894. Page 36

• E. Angeschaffte Spiele.
  
  1. Komponisten-Quartett. 2. Europa. 3. Alliance-Spiel. 4. Via passare.
  5. Samson. 6. Reversi. 7. Zwei Gummibälle. 8. Spring- Tiddledy-Winks.

United States. Dept. of the Treasury. Treasury decisions under customs and other laws.Volume 30, January-June 1916. Abs. 39312-16.

• Pages 365-366: Before Board 1, March 1, 1916.
  
  No. 39311.—Protests 789063, etc., of Geo. Borgfeldt & Co. (New York).
  BONE COUNTERS—TOYS.—Small, flat, circular pieces of bone used as counters by children in the game of tiddlywinks, classified as parts of toys at 35 per cent ad valorem under paragraph 342, tariff act of 1913, are claimed dutiable as manufactures of bone at 20 per cent under paragraph 368.
  
  Opinion by SULLIVAN, G. A. The evidence was held not sufficient to warrant reversing the collector's action.

Michael Trede. Der Rückkehrer. © 2003. Page 182

• Dann sind da 212 weitere Societies, von denen es einige sonst nirgendwo auf der Welt gibt: Etwa die Cambridge University Real Ale Society (gibt's da etwa Bier?) , den Cambridge University Tiddlywinks Club (richtig! Das sind die Flohhüpfer) oder den Amoral Sciences Club (als Studienfach kennt man eigentlich nur die Moral Sciences).

United States Department of the Army. Craft techniques in occupational therapy.Technical Manual TM8-290. August 1971

• Page 15-2 (heading): 15-5. Points to Consider in Planning Play Activities
• Page 15-3, in Table 15-1: Play Materials
• Row: Middle childhood (6-10 years)
• Column: Social development
• Cell: Marbles
  Dominoes
  Checkers
  Beanbags
  Tiddledy winks
  Card games
  Costume dolls
  Games (Parcheesee)

Charles E. Van Loan. Fore!. © 1918. New York: George H. Doran company.

• Page 253: The man who does not learn to play any game until he is thirty years of age is quite capable of going daft over tiddledy winks or dominoes. If he takes up the best and most interesting of
• Page 254: all outdoor sports his family may count itself fortunate if he does not become violent.

Gwen White. Toys and dolls-marks and labels. ©1975. [Library of Congress number: T257.V4D684].

• Page 87: TIDDLEDY-WINKS [trademark by Joseph Assheton Fincher]

Mary White. The child's rainy day book. 1905. New York: Doubleday, Page, and company.

• Page 212: A Hurdle Race
  
  Materials Required: A box of tiddledywinks, A sheet of white cardboard, A box of watercolour paints, A pencil, Scissors, A ball of white string, Some pins
  
  The next time you are kept indoors by the weather, you and a brother or sister may enjoy a hurdle race. It is played with tiddledywink chips and pasteboard hurdles on a large table or on the floor. You can make the hurdles yourself. They should be cut from cardboard eight inches wide and four inches high. Paint some of them with wooden bars and others green—like high hedges. In making the hurdles, cut the cardboard so that a strip two inches deep by an inch across will extend below each lower corner (see Fig. 104). One of these is bent sharply forward at the place marked by the dotted lines, the other is turned back, forming stands to keep the hurdles upright.
  
  The racecourse will have to be laid out on a covered table or carpeted floor, as the tiddledywinks can only be used on a soft, cushiony surface. You can make the boundaries with white string.
  
  
• Page 213: held in place here and there with pins. An oval course, though more difficult to mark is rather more exciting than a straight one, but either will do. Have the course eight inches wide and as long
  
  Fig. 104 [illustration of a hurdle]
  
  as you please. The hurdles may be placed where-ever you choose, but be sure to have plenty of them.
  
  When you are ready to begin, each player takes a large tiddledywink chip and a small one of the same colour—but differnt from his opponent's—and at a signal given by a third person, who acts as an umpire, the race begins. Snap the tiddledywink chip just as you do in playing the game, only taking
  
  
• Page 214: great care not to send it out of the course, for if it goes outside the lines you must set it back three inches. The umpire follows the race, of course, and settles all disputed questions.

Clement Wood, Gloria Goddard. The complete book of games. © 1940. Page 403 ("TIDDLY-WINK")